CONTENTS. PART THE FIRST. Sprinkling of the Holy Water Page 1 Ordinary of the Mass 3 Benediction with the blessed Sacrament after Mass 45 Notes on the Rubrics 49 PART THE SECOND. CHAPTER I. SECTION I. — ON SACRIFICE IN GENERAL. 1. The necessity of interior and exterior worship. — 2. Sacrifice offered from the beginning of the world. — 3. What sacrifice is. — 4. The four ends of sacrifice. — 5. The legal sacrifices were of no avail when unconnected with the future death of the Redeemer. — 6. A new sacrifice was necessary. — 7. The sacrifice of the Cross a true sacrifice. — 8. All the ancient sacrifices comprehended in it. — 9. The unbloody sacrifice of the New Law page 117 SECTION II. — THE MASS A SACRIFICE. 10. The Mass a true sacrifice. — 11. Sacrifice of Melchisedech. — 12. The sacrifice of Melchisedech elucidated by the Fathers. — 13. Illustrated by an ancient Mosaic at Ravenna. — 14. The Paschal Lamb a figure of the sacrifice of the Mass. — 15. Accomplishment of the prophecy of Malachias in the sacrifice of the Mass. — 16. Christ announces a new sacrifice. — 17. The sacrifice of the Mass proved from St. Paul 124 SECTION III. — ON THE REAL PRESENCE. 18. The Real Presence. — 19. The promise made by Christ that he would give us his flesh and blood to eat and drink. — 20. Objection answered. — 21. Proof from the Institution. Objections answered. — 22. The Real Presence proved from St. Paul. — 23. Taught by the rest of the Apostles. — 24. All the ancient Liturgies attest the Real Presence 140 SECTION IV. — TRANSUBSTANTIATION. 25. What is meant by the term. — 26. Transubstantiation proved from Scripture. — 27. Attested by St. CyriL— 28. Illustrated by a practice of the modern Greek Church. Objections answered. — 29. From St. PauL — 30. Objection of the term Transubstantiation. — 31. Eecapitulation 165 CHAPTER II. SECTION I. — HISTORY OF THE MASS. 1. Christ said the first Mass. — 2. Christ directed the Apostles to celebrate Mass. — 3. The Apostles said Mass. — 4. A ceremonial instituted by the Apostles for offering up Mass. — 5. Attested by St. John. — 6. The remarks of some Protestants noticed. — 7. The - Liturgy indicated by St. Ignatius. — 8. Noticed by Pliny. — 9. Described by St. Justin 185 SECTION II. — LAY COMMUNION. 10. Belief of the Church on Lay Communion. — 11. Communion under one kind of Apostolic institution. — 12. When and why generally adopted by the Latin Church. — 13. Agreeable to Scripture. — 14. Objection from Scripture answered. — 15. Unleavened bread used at the Last Supper. — 16. Unleavened bread used by the Latin Church; by the Maronites, and Armenians. — 17. The sacrament hinted at in the Apocalypse. — 18. The circular form of the Host very ancient 194 CHAPTER III. ON THE TERM MASS. 1. Meaning of the word Mass. — 2. Origin of it. — 3. The antiquity of its use 209 CHAPTER IV. ON THE USE OF LATIN AT MASS. 1. An unknown tongue used in the Jewish Temple. — 2. Not blamed by Christ, who prayed in an unknown tongue. — 3. Reasons why the Catholic Church uses Latin at Mass — 4. The people not necessarily obliged to understand the language of the Mass. — 5. Latin at Mass no-wise prejudicial to the people. — 6. Greeks, Syrians, Copts, and Armenians use an unknown tongue at Mass. — 7. Objection answered. — 8. Stricture on the Protestant version of the words of St. Paul 213 CHAPTER V. ON THE INVOCATION OF SAINTS AND ANGELS. 1. Immeasurable distance between the worship given to God, and the reverence shown to the Saints. — 2. Religious respect may be rendered to Saints and Angels. — 3. The Angels and Saints make intercession for men. — 4. Inferred from the communion of Saints in the Apostles' Creed. — 5. From the charity which animates the Saints. — 6. The Invocation of Angels proved from Scripture ; from the Psalms ; from Genesis ; from the Apocalypse. — 7. The Invocation of Saints proved from Scripture. — 8. Holy men have, even in this life, been invoked by others. — 9. Invocation of Saints in the primitive Church proved from ancient inscriptions, — 10. Invocation of Saints in the Anglo-Saxon Church, — 11. Contained in all the Liturgies. — 12. Objections answered. — 13. Charity engages the Saints to pray for us. — 14. They have the power of doing it. — 15. They know what passes upon earth. — 16. Their intercession not derogatory to the mediatorship of Christ. — 17. Manner of addressing God through the Saints. — 18. Similarity of Catholic and Protestant prayers. — 19. Inconsistency of an objection 225 CHAPTER VI. ON RELICS. 1. The Catholic Church pays a religious respect to Relics. — 2. Authorized by Scripture. — 3. Virtue possessed by Saints' Relics. — 4. A reverence for them exemplified by Scripture. — 5. Shown by the first Christians. — 6. By carrying off the bodies of the Martyrs. — 7. By collecting everything stained with their blood. — 8. By the custom of using the Martyrs' tombs as altars. — 9. From Relics being anciently, as now, enclosed in altars at their consecration. — 10. Respect anciently paid to Relics proved from the calumnies of the Heathens. — 11. From the objections of Heretics. — 12. Veneration of Relics in the Anglo-Saxon Church. — 1 3. Miracles wrought through Relics attested by Protestants — Relics collected by Protestants 259 CHAPTER VII. ON PURGATORY. 1. Definition of Purgatory. — 2. Belief in the Church on this point. — 3. Truths included in the doctrine of Purgatory. — 4. Temporal punishment to be endured for sin, though its eternal punishment be pardoned. — 5. The belief of a middle state held by the Patriarchs. — 6. A middle state believed by the ancient Heathens. — 7. The existence of a middle state between Heaven and Hell formally attested by the Jews. — 8. Evidenced by the New Testament. — 9. This middle state proved to be a place of Punishment, or Purgatory. — 10. Negative proof of Purgatory. — 11. Purgatory consonant to several expressions of Scripture. — 12. Purgatory taught by the Apostles' Creed. — 13. The doctrine of Purgatory attested by the Church in every age. — 14. The prayers of the living are serviceable to the dead. — 15. Antiquity of prayer for the dead. — 16. Still practised amongst the Jews. — 17. Prayers for the dead in use in the primitive Church, proved from ancient inscriptions. — 18. The sacrifice of the Mass offered for the dead. — 19. Antiquity of this custom. — 20. Belief of the Anglo-Saxon Church in Purgatory 289 OBJECTIONS ANSWERED. 21. First objection refuted. — 22. Arguments from Scripture answered. — 23. Second objection answered. — 24. Third objection. — 25. Fourth objection answered 329 CHAPTER VIII. ON CEREMONIES. 1. Man's nature proves the necessity of religious Ceremonies. — 2. Exemplified by the earliest history of man. — 3. Ceremonies, warranted by God in the Old Law. — 4. By Christ in the New. — 5. Ceremonies recommended by Protestant writers 343 CHAPTER IX. ON THE CROSS. 1. Sign of the Cross referred to in the Old Scripture. — 2. In the New. — 3. Antiquity of the custom of making the sign of the Cross. 4. Respect of the ancient Christians towards the Cross. — 5. Introduction of the Crucifix. — 6. Antiquity of the custom of using Crucifixes in churches. — 7. Why the Crucifix is placed upon the altar. — 8. Why the sacerdotal garments and the sacred vestments are marked with a Cross. — 9. Why made so often by the Priest at Mass. — 10. By Catholics in general — 11. The manner of making the sign of the Cross 349 CHAPTER X. ON IMAGES. 1. — The use of Images in the house of God authorized by Scripture. — 2. Recommended by Antiquity. — 3. Why the Church employs them. — 4. Religious feelings caused by Images. — 5. Objection against the use of Images answered. — 6. No virtue in Images themselves. — 7. The use of Images defended by Sir Humphry Davy. — 8. Ancient custom in England. — 9. Inconsistency of Protestantism. — 10. On the division of the Decalogue 371 CHAPTER XI. ON THE USE OF LIGHTS. 1. Light commanded to be used in the Jewish Tabernacle. — 2. Adopted by the Gentiles. — 3. Lights employed from primitive times at divine service. — 4. Defended by St Jerom against Vigilantius, and noticed by St. Paulinus and Prudentius. — 5. Proved from the Liturgies and other monuments. — 6. Mystic signification of lights at Mass. — 7. Lights at Baptism. — 8. Spiritual meaning of them. — 9. Lights used at Funerals. — 10. On the Paschal Candle. — 11. The Exultet — 12. Its mystic signification 391 CHAPTER XII. ON THE VESTMENTS. 1. Origin of the Vestments in general — 2. Their use warranted by the Old Law. — 3. Vindicated from the strictures passed upon them by modern Puritanism. — 4. Propriety suggested their adoption by the Gentiles. — 5. Motives of the Church for using them. — 6. They characterize the Antiquity of the Church. — 7. Washing of hands. — 8. Figurative meaning. — 9. The Cassock. — 10. — The Amice. — 11. Its form — 12. Figurative meaning. — 13. Why so called. — 14. The Alb : its form and colour. — 15. Figurative meaning. — 16. The Girdle. — 17. Its ancient form. ; — 18. Mentioned in Scripture. — 19. Figurative meaning. — 20. The Maniple. — 21. Its ancient form and use. — 22. How gradually changed. — 23. Its figure and signification. — 24. The Stole. — 25. Its ancient name. — 26. Form. — 27. Use. — 28. How ornamented formerly. — 29. What the classic Greek Stole was. — 30. What the edgings of lace on the Stole were originally. — 31. Its spiritual meaning. — 32. The Chasuble. — 33. Its form. — 34. The Vestments of the Jewish Priesthood. — 35. Origin of the Chasuble. — 36. Present form amongst the Greeks. — 37. Once commonly worn by Laics and Ecclesiastics. — 38. Then by Ecclesiastics only. — 39. Use of it restricted to the Sanctuary. — 40. The Cross supplanted the Latusclavus. — 41. Why curtailed. — 42. Traces of its ancient form. — 43. Meaning of its several names. — 44. Its figurative signification. — 45. Prayer at putting it on. — 46. The Dalmatic. — 47. Its form. — 48. Origin of its name. — 49. Why assigned to Deacons. — 50. Its original colour as a Vestment. — 51. The Tunic. — 52. Its proper form. — 53. When introduced. — 54. The Veil. — 55. Its form. — 56. Its use. — 57. Why the Paten is held elevated. — 58. And covered with a VeiL — 59. The Cope. — 60. Its form. — 61. Its origin. — 62. Colours of the Vestments. — 63. The Surplice. — 64. Its antiquity. — 65. Its ancient form. — 66. Origin of its name. — 67. Its figurative signification 413 CHAPTER XIII. ON BLESSED OR HOLY WATER. 1. Holy water of Apostolic origin. — 2. Form of blessing the holy water. — 3. Object of the Church in using it. — 4. Why salt is mingled with the water. — 5. Why exorcisms are pronounced over the salt and water. — 6. Sprinkling of the Altar and Congregation. — 7. Used in the Greek Church. — 8. Why holy water is placed at the entrance of our Churches 461 CHAPTER XIV. ON THE CREED. 1. Meaning of the term Symbol. — 2. Five Forms of Creed. — 3. The Apostles'. — 4. The Nicene. — 5. The Constantinopolitan. — 6. The Athanasian. — 7. What Creed is said at Mass. — 8. When said at Mass. — 9. The Creed of Pius IV. — 10. All announce the same Faith 471 CHAPTER XV. ON THE DIPTYCHS. 1. Their name. — 2. Form. — 3. Use. — 4. Why presented to the Church. — 5. How used. — 6. Registers of the Dead who were to be prayed for. — 7. Calendars of the Martyrs and Saints. — 8. The name of the Emperor inscribed in them. — 9. Used as Altar-pieces. — 10. The modern Altar-piece derived from the Diptychs. 475 CHAPTER XVI. ON ALTARS. 1. Use of Altars in the Old and New Testaments. — 2. From the times of the Apostles to the present day. — 3. Noticed in all the liturgies. — 4. Of what material, and of what form constructed. — 5. The Altar isolated in ancient churches. — 6. Placed to look towards the East. — 7. The dedication of Altars. — 8. The Altar anointed. — 9. Saints' relics enclosed in the Altar-stone. — 10. The Altar covered with linen cloths. — 11. Ornaments of the Altar : Canopy, Veils, the Cross, Candlesticks, Chalices, Mowers. — 12. The respect paid to Altars : Asylum. — 13. Recapitulation 485 CHAPTER XVII. ON INCENSE. 1. Incense used under the Old Law. — 2. Noticed in the New Testament. — 3. Adopted by the primitive Church. — 4. Incense prescribed in all the Liturgies. — 5. Spiritual meaning of Incense 517 Conclusion 524 APPENDIX I. Exhibiting extracts from the ancient Liturgies, in proof that the doctrine of the Real Presence must have been taught in all the Churches which the Apostles or their immediate disciples founded 527 APPENDIX II. Showing the unanimity of all the Oriental Liturgies in the Invocation of the Saints departed 533 APPENDIX III. On the Catholic Canon of Scripture 535 APPENDIX IV. On the Catacombs 540 INDEX OF PLATES AND WOODCUTS. Digitized by Google.

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