CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE 1. The Organization of the War Department 1 2. The Arms and the Services of the United States Army 8 3. Composition and Organization of the United States Army, Past and Present 18 4. Rank and Precedence in the United States Army 37 5. United States Army Uniforms and Flags 40 6. Military Etiquette and Courtesy 77 7. Military Customs 85 8. Composition of the United States Navy 89 9. Organization of the United States Navy Ashore 95 10. United States Naval Districts 112 11. The Organization of the United States Navy Afloat 117 12. Navy Ships 122 13. Naval Air Force 129 14. The Organization of a Ship and Duties of Naval Officers and Men Aboard Ship 132 15. Rank and Precedence in the United States Navy 145 16. United States Navy Uniforms 152 17. United States Naval Etiquette and Customs 179 18. United States Marine Corps 191 19. United States Coast Guard 203 20. United States Merchant Marine 216 21. United States Coast and Geodetic Survey 229 22. United States Public Health Service 232 23. Combat Aircraft Markings of Various Nations 243 24. United States Decorations, Citations, Medals and Ribbons 249 25. Foreign Decorations and Medals 312 26. Foreign Insignia and Uniforms 323 LIST OF TABLES AND CHARTS Organization of the Army 4 Organization of the Army Ground Forces 23 Organization of the Army Air Forces 27 Organization of the Army Service Forces 31 Map of Army Areas and Service Commands 34 Composition of Army Units 35 Class and Designation of Naval Reserve Officers 92 Navy Department Organization Chart 95 Organization, Headquarters of the Commander in Chief, U. S. Fleet 103 Organization of the Office of Chief of Naval Operations 106 Naval Districts Headquarters and Limits 113 Type of Ship Organization 134 Personnel Department, U. S. Marine Corps 194 Coast Guard Organization 204 Table of Maximum Rank for Appointment in Merchant Marine 220 Requirements for Promotion in Merchant Marine 221 Table of Relative Ranks of Commissioned Line Officers of U. S. Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Coast and Geodetic Survey, and Public Health Service 239 Pay Table, U. S. Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard 240 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Flags of Nations Allied with the United States Frontispiece PLATE PAGE United States Army 1. United States Flags xiv 2. Shoulder Loop Insignia of Rank for Officers 43 3. Officers' Cap and Collar Ornaments 46,47 4. Officers' Cap and Collar Ornaments 49 5. Shoulder Sleeve Insignia 53 6. Shoulder Sleeve Insignia 56, 57 7. Shoulder Sleeve Insignia 60 8. Aviation Badges 62, 63 9. Enlisted Men's Collar Devices 64 10. Insignia of Grade for Noncommissioned Officers, Qualification Badges 67 11. Cap Ornaments and Insignia of Grade for Cadets 70 12. Caps and Hats and Cap Ornaments 154 United States Navy 13. Insignia of Rank on Cuffs, Line Officers 158 14. Shoulder Marks Worn on White and Khaki Uniforms and Overcoats, Line Officers 159 15. Pin-on Insignia 161 16. Corps Devices — Commissioned Officers 164 17. Corps Devices — Chief Warrant and Warrant Officers. 167 18. Sleeve Markings for Petty Officers and Enlisted Men 169 19. Specialty Marks 172, 173 20. Distinguishing Marks 175 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 21. United States Marine Corps, Insignia of Rank on Shoulder Loops 196 22. United States Marine Corps, Ornaments and Departmental Devices 198 23. United States Marine Corps, Noncommissioned Officers' Chevrons, Marksmanship Badges 200 24. United States Coast Guard, Insignia of Rank 207 25. United States Coast Guard, Insignia of Rank, Chief Warrant Officers and Warrant Officers 209 26. United States Coast Guard, Cap Devices, Sleeve Markings for Petty Officers 211 27. United States Coast Guard, Enlisted Men's Specialty Marks 213 28. United States Maritime Service — Insignia of Rank on Shoulders and Cuffs 224 29. United States Maritime Service — Insignia of Rank for Noncommissioned Officers 226 30. United States Merchant Marine Cadet Corps— Insignia of Rank 227 31. United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs, Shoulder Marks Worn on White Uniforms and Overcoats 230 32. United States Public Health Service, Insignia of Rank 237 33. Welfare Organizations 242 34. Distinctive Markings of Aircraft 244, 245 35. United States War Medals and Decorations 255 36. United States War Medals and Decorations 274 37. United States War Medals and Decorations 284, 285 38. United States War Medal Ribbons 303 39. United States War Medal Ribbons 306, 307 40. United States Medals and Badges 308 Foreign 41. Foreign War Medals and Decorations, Great Britain, France, Belgium, Italy, Russia, Japan, Germany 316, 317 42. Argentine Army, Insignia of Rank on Shoulders 324 43. Argentine Navy, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 326 44. Belgian Army, Insignia of Rank on Collars 329 45. Brazilian Army, Insignia of Rank on Shoulders 332 46. Brazilian Navy, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 334 47. Bulgarian Army, Insignia of Rank on Shoulders 336 48. Canadian Air Force, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 338 49. Chilean Army, Insignia of Rank on Collars and Shoulders 340 50. Chilean Navy, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 342 51. Chinese Army, Insignia of Rank 344 52. Chinese Air Corps, Insignia of Rank 345 53. Chinese Navy, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 346 54. Colombian Army, Insignia of Rank 348 55. Costa Rican Army, Insignia of Rank on Shoulders 349 56. Cuban Army and Navy, Insignia of Rank 350 57. Finnish Army, Insignia of Rank on Collar Patch 352 58. Finnish Navy, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 353 59. French Army, Insignia of Rank on Caps and Cuffs 355 60. French Air Corps, Insignia of Rank on Caps and Cuffs 357 61. French Navy, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 360 62. German Army, Insignia of Rank on Shoulder Straps and Collar Patches 363 63. German Navy, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 365 64. German Air Force, Insignia of Rank on Shoulder Straps and Collar Patches 367 65. British Army, Insignia of Rank on Shoulders and Collar Patches 370 66. British Army, Badges of Rank for Warrant Officers and Noncommissioned Officers 372 67. British Army, Rank and Corps Devices 375 68. British Royal Air Force, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs and on Caps — Aviator's Badges 378,379 69. British Royal Navy, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs and Shoulder Marks 382,383 70. British Royal Navy and British Royal Marines, Insignia of Rank 384 71. Greek Army, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 386 72. Greek Navy, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 387 73. Guatamalan Army, Insignia of Rank 389 74. Haitian Army, Insignia of Rank on Shoulders 390 75. Italian Army, Insignia of Rank on Caps and Cuffs 392 76. Italian Navy, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 394 77. Japanese Army, Insignia of Rank 397 78. Japanese Navy, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 398 79. Mexican Army, Shoulder Marks 400 80. Mexican Navy, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 402 81. The Royal Netherlands Army and Navy, Insignia of Rank 404 82. Nicaraguan Army, Insignia of Rank on Shoulders 406 83. Norwegian Army and Navy, Insignia of Rank 408 84. Paraguayan Army and Navy, Insignia of Rank 410 85. Peruvian Army and Navy, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 411 86. Polish Army and Navy, Insignia of Rank. 413 87. Portuguese Army, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 414 88. Portuguese Navy, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 416 89. Spanish Army, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 418 90. Spanish Navy, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 419 91. Swedish Navy, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 420 92. Turkish Army, Insignia of Rank on Shoulders 422 93. Turkish Navy, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs 424 94. Soviet Russian Army, Insignia of Rank 426 95. Soviet Russian Navy, Insignia of Rank on Cuffs and Shoulders 429 96. Uruguayan Army, Insignia of Rank on Shoulders 431 97. Venezuelan Army, Insignia of Rank on Shoulders 433 PLATE 1— UNITED STATES FLAGS

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