An edition of The Franciscans in California
(1897)
The Franciscans in California
by Zephyrin Engelhardt
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Franciscans, MissionsPlaces
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Table of Contents
PART I.
GENERAL HISTORY.
CHAPTER I.
The First Missionaries. Various expeditions. Expulsion of the Jesuits. Franciscans in Charge of the Lower California Missions. Missions and their Missionaries. Mission Temporalities. Don Jose Galvez. Pin honesty of the Comisionados. Proclamation of Don Galvez. Plans for Missions in Upper California. Departure of the Vessels. The Land Expeditions. Fr. Junipero Serra. San Fernando De Velicall 1.
CHAPTER II.
Borne Changes. Epidemics. Death of Fr. Moran. Government Instructions. Fr. Patau's Protest. His Propositions. More Missionaries. Governor Barri's Animosity. The Franciscans Cede Lower California to the Dominicans. Their Departure 16.
CHAPTER III.
Statistics of the Lower California Missions. Departure for Upper California. Boundary. List of Missionaries .28.
CHAPTER IV.
The Second Land Expedition. Fr. Junipero and the Muleteer. Names Applied to Places along the Road. The Expeditions by Sj*. Re-union. Fr. Junipero's Litter. In Search of Monterey. Founding of San Diego. Rapacity of the Natives. Attack on the Mission. First Victim. Characteristics of the Indians. The "Our Father" in Dieguefio 91.
CHAPTER V.
The Course of the Expedition. First Baptism in Upper California. Hardships. Sickness. Council. A Mystery. St. Francis' and his Mission. Discovery of San Francisco Bay. Return. The Governor's Resolution. Painful Suspense. The San Antonio Arrives. Fr. Juniparo's Letter 43.
CHAPTER VI.
Land Expedition to Monterey. The Cross. Founding of San Carlos. Fr. Juniparo's, Account. Exultation in Mexico. Plans for New Missions. New Missionaries 66.
CHAPTER VII.
Scarcity of Food. Fr. Serra's Letter. His Journey. Disagreement between the Fr. President and Governor Fagls. Fr. Serra Goes to Mexico. Missionaries for Upper California. Fr. Junipero's Illness and Recovery. His Petition and Success. Report on the State of the Missions 63.
CHAPTER VIII.
Fr. Serra Returns. Exploring Expeditions by Sea. The Fathers as Chaplains, Now Missions Planned 74.
CHAPTER IX.
Fr. Junipero Serra Receives the Faculty to Administer the Sacrament of Confirmation. Controversy. High-Handed Proceedings on the Part of the Secular Authorities. Fr. Serra Sustained by the Viceroy. H. H. Bancroft's Bigotry. Fr. Serra
Resumes his Work of Confirming. Fr. Juan Crespi 80.
CHAPTER X.
New Franciscan Custodies. Fr. Serra's Disappointment and Reason therefor. Volunteer Missionaries Decline to Serve. The Fr. Guardian's Defense and Charges. H. H. Bancroft's Lame Excuse. The Truth about Governor Neve's Plans. Fr. Serra's Penance. His Illness. New Missionaries. Last Confirmation Tour. Preparation for Death. Fr. Serra's Last Days. His Death — 88.
CHAPTER XI.
Desire for Relics. Funeral Service. Fr. Patenia's Cure. Result of Fr. Junipero Serra's Labors. More Conversions. Biography. Fr. Serra's Successor. New Custodies. Neve Retired. Unfortunate Position of the Fathers in the Spanish Missions 09.
CHAPTER XII.
Inspector Soler. First Direct Proposition to Secularize the Missions. The Number of the Missionaries to be Reduced. The Fathers Protest. Letter Postage. Charges of Severity. Other Complaints. Refutation and Counter- Charges. State of the Missions 108.
CHAPTER XIII.
Search for New Mission Sites. Fr. Lasuen's Report. New Missions. Arrival and Departure of Missionaries. Fr. Lasuen's Duties. Mission Reports. Secularization. Reduction of the Stipends. Various Troubles of the Fathers. Indian Self-Government 116.
CHAPTER XIV.
Fr. Hora's Accusation. Investigation. Spanish Language Obligatory. The Fathers' Sensible Course. Fr. Lapuei's Able Reply. The Missionaries Officially Exonerated. The Bishop's Request, interesting Items. Statistics. Various Industries. Governor Borica Retires. Another Attempt to Changes the Mission System 125.
CHAPTER XV.
Death of Fr. Lasuen. Biography . Bancroft on Fr. Lasuen. Fr. Tapis, Superior. Governor Arrillaga's Sensible Report. Fr. Gasol's Circular. Fathers Diaz. Font, and Garces Cross California by Land from Sonora. Exploring Expeditions. Mission Santa Inez Founded. Statistics 133.
CHAPTER XVI.
Situation of the Fathers During the Revolutionary Period. Want of Missionaries. Unsuccessful Effort to Cede Some of the Missions to the Orizaba Franciscans. Office of Comisario Prefecto Created. Fr. Sarria's Circulars. A Warning from the Fr. Guardian. A Request from the Commissary General. Fr. Seflan Ordered to Write a History of the Missions. Fr. Payeras' Report. Statistics 142.
CHAPTER XVII.
Secularization Published in California. The Fathers Ready to Leave. Instructions to the Missionaries. Fr. Payeras' Protest. Expedition to the North. Independence of Mexico. Death of Fr. Payeras. Death of Fr. Seflan. The Fathers Refuse to Take the Oath of Allegiance. Fr. Martfnez Banished 151.
CHAPTER XVIII.
Secularization. Destitution. Missions Taxed. Indian Revolt. Statistics. Decree of Secularization Published. Opinion of Some of the Fathers. Fr. Duran's Commentaries. The Pious Fund. Its History. Echandia's Regulations. Fr. Sanchez 1 Criticism. Fr. Peyri 160.
CHAPTER XIX.
New Missionaries from Zacatecas. Concordato Funeral. Corporal Punishment. Gov. Figiuroa's Report. His Regulations. Fr. Duran's Letter. Indians Unwilling to be "Emancipated." Renewed Efforts. Fathers Diego and Dura'i Reply. Six Missions Secularized. Statistics. Missionary Changes. The Rule of Plunder. The First Bishop of California 171.
CHAPTER XX.
The Diocese of California. Election of the First Bishop. His Pastoral Letter. Arrival and Reception. His Means v Santa Barbara.,
Chosen for his Residence. His Disappointment. Mission fe* 4 -
stored. Missionary Changes. The Bishop's Efforts. Fr. Duma's
Report. Masonic Hatred Destroys Valuable Books and Manuscripts. First Seminary. Secularization Completed 184.
CHAPTER XXI.
California in the United States. Orders from General Kearney and Gov. Mason. Mission Property Restored. Other Items. Missionaries in 1816. Death of Bishop Garcia. Death of Fr. Duran. A Novitiate Established at Santa Barbara. The New Bishop. First Franciscan Priests Ordained m California. Death of Fr. Gonzalez. The Community Dimmed to Extinction. Incorporated into the Province of the Sacred Heart. The first Guardian 196.
CHAPTER XXII.
Missionary Changes. Fr. Ferdinand Elected Provincial of the Province of the Sacred Heart. Fr. Ferdinand again Guardian of Santa Barbara. His Tragic Death. Biography. Fr. Servatius Altmicks. Changes. Now Foundations. San Luis Rey Re-occupied by Franciscans from Mexico. Proposition to Organize a Custody of the Immaculate Heart of Mary in California. The Commissariat of California 204.
CHAPTER XXIII.
Method tho Franciscans Observed in the California Missions. Peculiarity of the Spanish Missions. The Mission Buildings. Opinions of Dwinelle and Forest. Mission Fare. The Commissary Department. Dress. Punishments. Disaster. The Indian under Control of the Catholic Missionary and Otherwise 212
PART II.
LOCAL HISTORY.
CHAPTER I.
SAN DIEGO.
San Diego Mission Founded. First Missionaries. Other Missionaries. Fr. Serra Goes to Mexico ard Returns. Preparations for a new Church. Removal of the Mission. Success of the Fathers. Indian Revolt. Attack on the Misi'on. Death of Fr. Jay me. Destruction of the Buildings. Brave Defense 219.
CHAPTER II.
SAN DIEGO (CONTINUED).
Fr. Serra's Happiness. Sad end of an Indian Criminal. Tho Mis-
sion Rebuilt. Missionaries. New Rog'steis. First Public Execution in California. Fr. Serra
Conthms at San Diogo. Fr. Figuer. State of the Mission. Fathers Torrens and Mariner. An
Aqueduct. Remains of the Dead Missionaries Transferred. Various Missionaries. New Church.
Mission Boundaries. Fr. Martin.
Effects of Secularization. Statistics 231.
CHAPTER III.
SAN CARLOS.
San Carlos Founded. Conversions. Removal. Carmelo. Father Ottvpi and Serra Die. Other Missionaries. New Church. Fr Laauen Dies. Missionaries. Fr. Pujol, V* finis, and Carnicer. Mission Lands. Secularization. Statistics. Graves of the Missionaries Discovered. Church Restored 214.
CHAPTER IV.
SAN ANTONIO.
Founding of San Antonio. Buildings Erected. Learning the Language. A Strange Story. Frosts Kill the Crop. Indian Shot. New Church. Fr. Payeras. Other Missionaries. Fr. Sit jar Dies. Interesting Items. Fr. Sancho Dies. Mission Lands. Statistics. Secularization. Indians ill-treated. Rev. Doroteo Ambris 256.
CHAPTER V.
SAN GABRIEL
San Gabriel Established. The Picture of Our Lady. Scandalous Conduct of a Soldier. Indian Attack. Missionary Changes. Slow Progress. Fr. Serra Confirms at San Gabriel. Conspiracy. Missionary Changes. Fathers Cruzado and Sanchez Die. Fathers Dramas, Estevan, and Barcenilla Retire. New Church. San Bernandino. Fathers Dutnetz and Miguel Die 266.
CHAPTER VI.
SAN GABRIEL (CONTINUED).
Earthquake. Death of Fr. Nuez. Missionaries. Fathers Boscana and Sanchez D e. Mission Lands. Secularzation. Poverty of the Mission. Stat sties. Death of Fathers Estenega and Oruaz. John Russel Bartlett. Los Angeles Star. Mission San Gabriel Sold. "Our Father" in Indian 272.
CHAPTER VII.
SAN LUIS OBISPO.
Founding of San Luis Obispo. Missionaries. Captain Anza's Expedition. F.ro at the Mission. Fr. Serra Confirms. Death of Fr. Cavalier. Departure of Fr. Giribet. Revolt. Other Items. Death of Fr. Cipres. Fr. Martfnez Banished. Mission Lands. Statistics. Fr. Qui Dies. Sale of the Mission 281.
CHAPTER VIII.
SAN FRANCISCO.
Don Gaivez and St. Francis. Discovery of San Francisco Bay Expedition to the Bay by Sn. Anza's Land Expedition. The Presidio Established. Expedition North of the Bay. Founding of the Mission. Dolores. The Indians. Indian Attack 298.
CHAPTER IX.
SAN FRANCISCO {CONTINUED).
The Indians and their Customs. Fr. Serra Confirms. Service at the Presidio. , Statistical. Fr. Francisco Palou. His Writings. Fr. Gambon. Lieutenant Moraga. Troubles with the Natives. Complaints 296.
CHAPTER X.
SAN FRANCISCO (CONTINUED).
A Carmelite Monastery Planned. Rancho Del Rey. Missionary Changes. Fr. Espi, Garcia, and Fernandez Retire. The Mission Buildings. Vancouver's Visit. Fr. Saenz Retires. The Church. Great Mortality. Other Items. Branch Mission across the Bay. Statistical. Missionary Changes. The Inventory. Statistics 304
CHAPTER XI.
SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO.
First Attempt to Found the Mission. The Founding. Fr. Serra's Danger. First Convert. The Missionaries. Fathers Amurrio and Murgertegui Retire. Death of Fr .Fuster. Confirmation at San Juan. Statistical. New Church Begun. Weaving. A Fire. Dedication of the New Church. Fathers Santiago and Faura Retire. The Missionaries. An Earthquake Destroys the Buildings and Kills a number of Indians. Decline of the Mission. Fr. Boscana Insulted. Emancipation. Inventory. Fathers Oliva and Ordaz Die. Lost Missionaries. Sale of the Mission. Statistics. The "Our Father" 314.
CHAPTER XII.
SANTA CLARA.
Founding of the Mission. A Harvest of Souls. Sodomy. Fr. Serra at the Mission. The New Church. Fr. Murgufa Dies. Other Items. Fathers Pefla and Noboa Retire. Vancouver's Visit. The Buildings. Industries. Indian Troubles. Another Church Building Erected. Fr. Catalans Death. Biography. Taxes. Fr. Viader Retires. Zacatecans Arrive. Fr. Moreno Dies. Fr. Mercado Retires. Fr. Jose" Real Retires. Secularization. Statistics. The Lord's Prayer 324.
CHAPTER XIII.
SAN BUENAVENTURA.
Founding of the Mission Repeatedly Delayed. A Beginning Made at Lust. The Indians. Governor Neve's Plan. Report of 1790. Vancouver's Visit and Report. Indian Fight. Missionary Changes. Death of Fr. Santa Maria. Earthquake. Indian Fight and Other Items. Death of Fr. Sedan. Biography. Fr. Altimira Retires. Interesting Items. Death of Fathers Sufier, Urfa, and Fortuni. Secularization. Last Missionaries. Sale of the Mission. Statistics 336.
CHAPTER XIV.
SANTA BARBARA.
The Presidio of Santa Barbara Founded. Fr. Junipero Serra Disappointed. Santa Barbara Mission Founded on the Old Plan. The First Missionaries. The Buildings. Conversions. Tiles Manufactured. More Buildings. Missionary Changes. Death of Fr. Patema. The Third Church. Wall around the Property. Industries. Report of 1802. A Missionary Station at Stiphpileei. Mission Santa Iniz. Other Items. The Reservoir. Fr. Cortlt Retires. Missionary Changes. Earthquake. New Church 347.
CHAPTER XV.
SANTA BARBARA {CONTINUED).
Indian Revolt. Opinion of the Fathers. Fr. Amestoy Retires. Death of Fr. Antonio Jaime. Fr. Ripoll Retires. Interesting Items. Secularization. Statistics. Mission Reports. Fr. Antonio Jimeno's Death. Fr. Jose* Jimeno Retiree. The Mission Rented and Sold. The Inventory. The Community of Santa Barbara. Fathers Romo and Codina. Death of Fr. Sanchez. His Biography 366.
CHAPTER XVI.
LA PURISIMA CONCEPCION.
Founding of the Mission. Success of the Fathers. Fathers Arroita and Fernandez Ret re. New Church. Report of Fr. Payeras. Missionary Changes. Earthquake in 1812. Destruction of the Buildings. Mission Removed. New Church. Fire. Death of Fathers Rodriguez and Payeras. Indian Revolt. Last Missionary. Statistics 362.
CHAPTER XVII.
SANTA CRUZ.
Preparations. Founding of the Mission. Fr. Lasuen's Report. Instructions to the Guards. Erection of Buildings. Dedication of the Church. Gloomy Prospects. Missionaries. Fathers Salazar, Lopez, and Fernandez Retire. Murder of Fr. Quintana. Punishment of the Criminals. Missionary Changes. Fathers Marquinez and Olbls Retire. Disease among the Indians. Other Items. Secularization. Inventory. The Last Missionary. Statistics 370.
CHAPTER XVIII.
LA SOLEDAD.
Founding of the Mission. Progress in Mission Wcrk. Tho Missionaries. Fr. Ruhf Retires. Epidemic. New Church. Death of Gov. Arrillaga. Death of Fr. Ibaftez. Biography. Missionary Changes. Items. An Election. Fr. Sarrfa Starved to Death at Soledad. Biography. Stat* of the Mission. Unworthy Treatment of the Missionary. Secularization. End of the Mission. Statistics 380.
CHAPTER XIX.
SAN JOSE.
Mission San Jose Established. Success. Missionaries. Fr. Cueva Retires. Indian Attack. Description of the Mission by Langsdortf. New Church Dedicated. State of the Mission in 1820. Interesting Items. Statistics. Secularization. Fathers Muro. Quijas, and Gutierrez Retire. Temporal Affairs. Mission San Jose sold 389.
CHAPTER XX.
SAN JUAN BAUTISTA.
Instructions to the Guards. Missionary Stations. Founding of the Mission. The First Missionaries. Missionary Progress. Indian Troubles. Earthquake. Controversy. New Church. Fathers Lopez, Marturena, and Itorate Retire. Death of Fr. Duianto. Death of Fr. Tapis. Biography. Other Missionary Changes. Secularization. Inventory. Statistics. The Mission Sold. Fr. Anzar the Last Missionary 397.
CHAPTER XXI.
SAN MIGUEL
The Mission Site. Ceremony of Foundation. The Beginning. Missionary Changes. Fr. Concepcion De Horra. Fr. Andriano Martinez. Missionaries Poisoned. A Fire. Fr. Martin's Death. Biography. Other Items. Departure of Fr. Juan Cabot. Secularization. Inventory. Statistics. Sale of the Mission 404.
CHAPTER XXII.
SAN HERNANDO.
"Achois Comihavit". Founding of the Mission. Mission Success. Contributions. Church Blessed. Fr. Pedro Muftoz Retires. Death of Fathers Lazaro and Landaeta. Fr. Jose* Antonio Urfa Retires. Death of Fr. Urresti. Other Missionaries. Earthquake. Death of Fr. Ulibarri. Fr. Ibarra's Complaint. Mission Land. Death of Fr. Pedro Cabot. Inventory. Statistics. Fr. Bias Ordaz Manager of the Property, bale of the Mission. Last Missionary 411.
CHAPTER XXIII.
SAN LUIS REY.
Exploration for a Mission Site. Mission Established. Success. Fr. Peyri. New Church. Various Missionaries. Fathers Garcia and Carranza Retire. Statistical. San Antonio De Pain. A Hospital. Missionary Changes. Surprise of Fr. Peyri. Prosperity. Exaggeration. White Population. Fr. Peyri Retires. His Biography. Other Missionaries. Statistics. Secularization. Inventory. Death of Fr. Ibarra. Biography. Last Missionary. Death of Fr. Zalvidea. Biography. Sale of the Mission. Modern San Luis Rey. Freemasonry. A Novitiate for Mexico. Re-dedication Reception of Novices. The Community at present 418.
CHAPTER XXIV.
SANTA INEZ.
The Mission Site, Founding of the Mission. The First Missionaries. Fr. Gutierrez Retires. Mission Success. Earthquake. New Church. Missionaries. Death of Fr. Calzada. Revolt. Buildings and Lands. Death of Fathers Victoria and La Cuesta. Secularization. Inventory. Statistics. Death of Fr. Moreno. Founding of a Seminary. Sale of the Mission. The College Abandoned. The "Our Father" in Indian 432.
CHAPTER XXV.
SAN RAFAEL
Mortality at San Francisco. Founding of the Mission. San Rafael a branch of San Francisco. Transfer of Indians. Explorations. Progress. Statistical. Mission Lands. Death of Fr. Amoros. The Zacatecans. Statistical. Fr. Mercado Slandered. Secularization. Inventory. Sale of the Mission. Statistics. The Lord's Prayer in Indian 439.
CHAPTER XXVI.
SAN FRANCISCO SOLANO.
Explorations. Founding of the Mission. Disapproval of the Superiors. Ft. Altimira. A Compromise. Church Dedicated. The Name of the Mission. Santa Eulalia Mission Station. The Buildings. Industries. Statistical. Contributions from San Francisco. Conversions. Indian Tribes Belonging to the Mission. Missionary Changes. Statistics. The "Our father" In Guiiuco 446.
PART III
MODERN HISTORY.
CHAPTER I.— Santa Barbara 456.
CHAPTER II.— Pajaro. T}o/s Orphan Asylum 459.
CHAPTER III.- San Francisco. St. Boniface. Golden Gate Ave. 464.
CHAPTER IV.— St. Turibius Mission 468.
CHAPTER V. Fruitvale. St. E.isabella 477.
CHAPTER VI.— San Francisco. St. Anthony's. Army Street 481
CHAPTER VII.- Los Angeles. St. Joseph's 484
CHAPTER XIII.- Sacramento. St. Francis' 488
CHAPTER IX.— Phoenix. St. {Mary's :491.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
The Pioneer Teacher of California (Frontis-piece)
Founding of a Franciscan Mission Page 15
A Typical Spanish Franciscan Mission 68
Father Junitero Serra 96
Franciscan Missionary College at Zacatecas 172
Presidio and Town of Santa Barbara in 1835 186
Rt. Rev. Garcia y Moreno, first Bishop of California 189
Fr. (Gonzalez Rubio and the Santa Barbara Community 201
Ft. Ferdinand Bergmeyer 205
Fr. Michael Richordt 210
Death of Fr. Luis Jayuie 223
San Diego Mission as it is 243
San Carlos in ruins 251
San Carlos restored 255
San Antonio de Padua 261
Fr. Gerdn'mo Boscana 274
Mission San Gabriel 278
Mission San Luis Obispo 284
Mission Dolores after Secularization 307
Mission Dolores, or San Francisco de Asis at present 312
San Juan Capistrano after the earthquake, 320
San Juan Capistrano in 1865 325
Santa Clara mission in 1849 335
Mission San Buenaventura in early days 339
San Buenaventura 346
Mission Santa Barbara in 1865 355
Community of Santa Barbara in 1880 360
Mission La Purisima Concepcion 369
Mission Santa Cruz 378
Mission LaSoledad 382
Mission San Jose 392
Mission San Juan Bautista 401
Mission San Miguel 408
Mission San Fernando 413
Mission Station of San Antonio at Pala 421
Mission San Luis Rey in early days 426
Corridors of San Luis Rey 431
Mission Santa Ine'z 438
Mission San Francisco Solano 450
Fr. Antonio Peyri 454
Front and Garden of Santa Barbara Mission 457
St. Francis Orphanage at Pajaro 460
Fr. Clementin Deymann 462
St. Boniface Church at San Francisco 466
Indian Sweathouse 471
Mission St. Turibius 474
Fr. Kilian Schloesser 473
St. Elisabeth's Church at Fruit-vale 480
St. Anthony's Church at San Francisco 482
St Joseph's Church and Convent at Los Angeles 487
St Francis' Church and School, Sacramento 489
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| August 13, 2020 | Edited by MARC Bot | remove fake subjects |
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