Machine generated contents note: -- 1.
Introduction: crime and modernity --
Pre-modern crime and criminal justice --
The rise of modern society --
Defining and the extent of crime --
The purpose of criminological theory --
The structure of the book --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading --
Note -- -- pt. One
The rational actor model of crime and criminal behaviour -- -- 2.
Classical criminology --
The Classical theorists --
The limitations of Classicism --
The neo-Classical compromise --
The enduring influence of Classicism --
Policy implications of Classicism --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading -- -- 3.
Populist conservative criminology --
The rise of the political new right --
James Q. Wilson and `right realism' --
Right realism and social control --
Developments in conservative criminology --
Criticisms of populist conservative criminology --
Policy implications of populist conservative criminology --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading --
Notes -- -- 4.
Contemporary rational actor theories --
Contemporary deterrence theories --
Rational choice theory --
Routine activities theory --
The rational actor reconsidered --
Policy implications of contemporary rational actor theories --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading --
Notes -- -- pt. Two
The predestined actor model of crime and criminal behaviour -- -- 5.
Biological positivism --
Early biological theories --
Inherited criminal characteristics --
Genetic structure theories --
Criminal body types --
Psychoses and brain injuries --
Autistic spectrum disorders --
Biochemical theories --
Altered biological state theories --
Treating the offender --
Conclusions --
Policy implications of biological positivism --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading -- -- 6.
Psychological positivism --
Psychodynamic theories --
Behavioural learning theories --
Cognitive learning theories --
Conclusions --
Policy implications of psychological positivism --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading -- -- 7.
Sociological positivism --
Emile Durkheim and social disorganization theory --
The Chicago School --
Robert Merton and anomie theory --
Deviant subculture theories --
Conclusions --
Policy implications of sociological positivism --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading -- -- 8.
Women and positivism --
Biological positivism and women --
Psychological positivism and women --
Sociological positivism and women --
Conclusions --
Policy implications of women and positivism --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading -- -- pt. Three
The victimized actor model of crime and criminal behaviour -- -- 9.
Labelling theories --
The social construction of crime --
The recipients of deviant labels --
The consequences of labelling for the recipients --
Moral panics and deviance amplification --
Criticisms of labelling theories --
Labelling theories revisited --
Policy implications of labelling theories --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading -- -- 10.
Conflict and radical theories --
Conflict theories --
Criticisms of conflict theories --
Radical theories --
Criticisms of radical theories --
Peacemaking criminology --
Policy implications of conflict and radical theories --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading -- -- 11.
The gendered criminal --
Perspectives in feminist theory --
The feminist critique of early explanations of female criminality --
The impact of feminist critiques --
Feminism and prostitution --
Is there a feminist criminology? --
Crime and masculinities --
Policy implications of the gendered criminal --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading -- -- 12.
Critical criminology --
The origins of critical criminology --
Crimes of the powerful --
Crimes of the less powerful --
Critical criminology or `left idealism' --
Critical race theory --
Critical criminology and the challenge of zemiology --
Critical criminology revisited --
Policy implications of critical criminology --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading -- -- pt. Four
Integrated theories of crime and criminal behaviour -- -- 13.
Sociobiological theories --
Biosocial theory --
Biosocial theory and the `new right' --
Sociobiological theories of rape --
Recent sociobiological explanations of childhood delinquency --
Conclusions --
Policy implications of sociobiological theories --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading.
14.
Environmental theories --
Early environmental theories --
British environmental theories --
North American environmental theories --
Environmental design --
Environmental management --
Policy implications of environmental theories --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading -- -- 15.
Social control theories --
The origins of social control theories --
Early social control theories --
Later social control theories --
Integrated theoretical perspectives --
A general theory of crime --
Developments in social control theories --
Conclusions --
Policy implications of social control theories --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading -- -- 16.
Situational action theories --
Situational action theory --
Crime as moral action --
Rules and rule guidance --
The role of motivation --
Environment and exposure --
The importance of causal interaction --
Development and change --
Broader social conditions --
Reflections on situational action theories --
Policy implications of situational action theories --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading -- -- 17.
Desistance theories --
The ontogenetic paradigm --
The sociogenic paradigm --
Understanding change in adulthood --
Personality traits --
The narrative identity --
Narratives of desistance and change --
Agency and choice --
Narrating desistance --
Developments and reflections on desistance theories --
Policy implications of desistance theories --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading --
Note -- -- 18.
Left realism --
The origins of left realism --
A balance of intervention --
Left realism and `New' Labour --
Social exclusion and the `underclass': a case study --
`New' Labour criminal justice policy revisited --
Recent developments in left realism --
Left realist theory revisited -- the historical context --
Policy implications of left realism --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading -- -- pt. Five
Crime and criminal behaviour in the age of moral uncertainty -- -- 19.
Crime and the postmodern condition --
Constitutive criminology and postmodernism --
Anarchist criminology --
Policy implications of crime and the postmodern condition --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading --
Note -- -- 20.
Cultural criminology and the schizophrenia of crime --
The focus of cultural criminology --
The seductions of crime --
The carnival of crime --
The schizophrenia of crime --
Crime as normal and non-pathological --
One planet under a groove --
Cultural criminology and the mass media --
Policy implications of cultural criminology --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading --
Notes -- -- 21.
Crime, globalization and the risk society --
New modes of governance --
Crime and the risk society --
Penal modernism and postmodernism --
Globalization and crime --
Southern theory --
Terrorism and state violence --
Terrorism and postmodernism revisited --
Policy implications of crime, globalization and the risk society --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading --
Notes -- -- 22.
Radical moral communitarian criminology --
The communitarian agenda --
Radical egalitarian communitarianism --
The concept of community reconsidered --
The development of the concept of individualism in Western Europe --
The origins of Durkheim's social theory --
Durkheim, social solidarity and the French conception of individualism --
Radical moral communitarian criminology --
Policy implications of radical moral communitarian criminology --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading -- -- 23.
Living in penal society --
Four models of criminal justice development --
Loic Wacquant and the government of insecurity --
Racial inequality and imprisonment in the contemporary USA --
Four peculiar institutions --
Carceral recruitment and authority --
Conclusions --
Policy implications of living in penal society --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading --
Notes -- -- 24.
Conclusions: criminology in an age of austerity --
Criminological theory revisited --
Competing models of a criminological future --
Two models of public criminology --
An alternative: democratic criminology --
Closing thoughts: moral communitarianism and democratic criminology --
Summary of main points --
Discussion questions --
Suggested further reading.