Humbert Gualtieri has written about the first stirrings of labor in various cities and regions in Italy. It is an attempt to set forth the development of the Italian labor movement, beginning with its origin and continuing to the end of 1904. The book follows the growth of the labor movement with the unification of Italy and traces the beginnings of the Socialist movement in Italy. It has a definite socialist point of view making a number of references to the initial influence of Marx in the Italian labor movement. Dr. Gualtieri emigrated from Calabria, Italy, was a naturalized U.S. citizen, and received his doctorate in social studies from the New School For Social Research (now called New School University). He was a political editor of two Italian newspapers in the U.S. and founded Local 102 of the Bakery and Confectionery Workers of America. He died in 1949, three years after the book was published.